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पत्र 1 · अंग्रेजी भाषा ज्ञान · अध्याय 12

One-Word Substitution and Spelling

लंबे वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द, और सही वर्तनी — दोनों शब्द-ज्ञान के प्रश्न हैं। यहाँ शब्द विषयवार हैं ताकि suffix (-cide, -logy, -archy) से अनजाने शब्द का अर्थ भी पकड़ में आ जाए।

अंतिम अपडेट: 2026-10-14

इस अध्याय में
  1. Suffix से पहचान
  2. व्यक्ति
  3. सरकार और शासन
  4. -cide: हत्या
  5. -logy: विद्या
  6. -phobia और -mania
  7. अन्य महत्त्वपूर्ण शब्द
  8. Spelling के नियम
  9. बार-बार गलत लिखे जाने वाले शब्द
  10. अभ्यास प्रश्न

Suffix से पहचान

Suffix/Prefixअर्थउदाहरण
-cideहत्या / नाशकhomicide, pesticide
-logy / -istविद्या / विशेषज्ञgeology, geologist
-archy / -cracyशासनmonarchy, democracy
-phobia / -maniaडर / उन्मादhydrophobia, kleptomania
-phile / phil-प्रेमीbibliophile, philanthropist
-voreखाने वालाcarnivore, herbivore
omni-सबomniscient, omnipresent
mis- (Greek misos)घृणाmisanthrope, misogynist
in- / im- / il- / ir- + -able/-ibleजो … न हो सकेinvincible, illegible, irreparable

व्यक्ति

वाक्यांशOne Wordहिंदी
One who believes in GodTheistआस्तिक
One who does not believe in GodAtheistनास्तिक
One who is not sure whether God existsAgnosticसंशयवादी
One who looks at the bright sideOptimistआशावादी
One who looks at the dark sidePessimistनिराशावादी
One who loves mankindPhilanthropistमानव-प्रेमी, परोपकारी
One who hates mankindMisanthropeमानव-द्वेषी
One who hates womenMisogynistस्त्री-द्वेषी
One who does not marryCelibate / Bachelorअविवाहित
One who loves booksBibliophileपुस्तक-प्रेमी
One who collects stampsPhilatelistडाक-टिकट संग्रहकर्ता
One who collects coinsNumismatistमुद्रा-संग्रहकर्ता
One who eats too muchGluttonपेटू
One who eats human fleshCannibalनरभक्षी
One who eats only vegetablesVegetarianशाकाहारी
One who eats both plants and animalsOmnivoreसर्वाहारी
One who knows everythingOmniscientसर्वज्ञ
One who is present everywhereOmnipresentसर्वव्यापी
One who is all-powerfulOmnipotentसर्वशक्तिमान
One who speaks many languagesPolyglotबहुभाषी
One who can use both hands equallyAmbidextrousदोनों हाथों से समान कुशल
One who walks in sleepSomnambulistनिद्राचारी
One who talks in sleepSomniloquistनींद में बोलने वाला
One who is new to a professionNovice / Tyroनौसिखिया
One who has retired from servicePensioner / Retireeसेवानिवृत्त
One who is fond of fightingBellicose / Belligerentयुद्धप्रिय
One who leaves his country to settle in anotherEmigrantप्रवासी (जाने वाला)
One who comes to settle in a countryImmigrantआप्रवासी (आने वाला)
One who runs away from justiceFugitiveभगोड़ा
One who takes refuge in another countryRefugeeशरणार्थी
One who travels on footPedestrianपैदल यात्री
One who goes on a journey to a holy placePilgrimतीर्थयात्री
One who is easily deceivedGullible / Credulousभोला, आसानी से धोखा खाने वाला
One who doubts everythingScepticसंशयी
One who is indifferent to pleasure and painStoicसुख-दुख में समान
One who lives alone, away from societyRecluse / Hermitएकांतवासी
One who pretends to be what he is notHypocriteपाखंडी
One who betrays his countryTraitorदेशद्रोही
One who loves his countryPatriotदेशभक्त
One who is unable to pay debtsInsolvent / Bankruptदिवालिया
One who works for no payVolunteerस्वयंसेवक
One who is present at an event and sees itEyewitness / Spectatorप्रत्यक्षदर्शी, दर्शक
One who writes the story of one's own lifeAutobiographerआत्मकथाकार
One who writes another's life storyBiographerजीवनी-लेखक
One who copies another's writing as his ownPlagiaristसाहित्यिक चोर
One who has no moneyPauperकंगाल
One who spends too muchSpendthrift / Prodigalफ़िज़ूलख़र्च
One who hoards money and lives poorlyMiserकंजूस
An expert judge of art, food or musicConnoisseurपारखी
One who is a specialist in skin diseasesDermatologistत्वचा रोग विशेषज्ञ
A specialist in eye diseasesOphthalmologistनेत्र रोग विशेषज्ञ
A specialist in children's diseasesPaediatricianबाल रोग विशेषज्ञ
A specialist in heart diseasesCardiologistहृदय रोग विशेषज्ञ
A specialist in teethDentistदंत चिकित्सक
One who examines eyes and prescribes glassesOptometrist / Opticianनेत्र-परीक्षक/चश्मा विक्रेता
A doctor who treats bonesOrthopaedistहड्डी रोग विशेषज्ञ

सरकार और शासन

वाक्यांशOne Wordहिंदी
Government by the peopleDemocracyलोकतंत्र
Government by one person with absolute powerAutocracy / Dictatorshipनिरंकुश शासन
Government by a king or queenMonarchyराजतंत्र
Government by a fewOligarchyअल्पतंत्र
Government by the richPlutocracyधनिकतंत्र
Government by officialsBureaucracyनौकरशाही
Government by religious leaders / God's lawsTheocracyधर्मतंत्र
Absence of governmentAnarchyअराजकता
Government by the best qualifiedAristocracy / Meritocracyकुलीनतंत्र / योग्यतातंत्र
Government by womenGynarchy / Matriarchyस्त्री-शासन / मातृसत्ता
A state ruled by an elected head, not a kingRepublicगणराज्य
Rule by the mobMobocracy / Ochlocracyभीड़तंत्र
A list of items to be discussed at a meetingAgendaकार्यसूची
Minimum number of members needed for a meetingQuorumकोरम, गणपूर्ति
A vote of the whole people on a questionReferendumजनमत-संग्रह
Formal record of a meetingMinutesकार्यवृत्त
One who is in charge of a museumCuratorसंग्रहालयाध्यक्ष
One appointed to settle a disputeArbitratorमध्यस्थ
Money paid to a government by a citizenTaxकर
An allowance given to a wife after divorceAlimonyगुज़ारा भत्ता

-cide: हत्या

वाक्यांशOne Wordहिंदी
Killing of a human beingHomicideमानव-हत्या
Killing of one's fatherPatricideपितृहत्या
Killing of one's motherMatricideमातृहत्या
Killing of one's brotherFratricideभ्रातृहत्या
Killing of a kingRegicideराजहत्या
Killing of an infantInfanticideशिशुहत्या
Killing of a whole race or groupGenocideजनसंहार
Substance that kills insectsInsecticideकीटनाशक
Substance that kills weedsHerbicide / Weedicideखरपतवारनाशक
Substance that kills germsGermicideरोगाणुनाशक

-logy: विद्या

वाक्यांशOne Wordहिंदी
Study of the human mindPsychologyमनोविज्ञान
Study of birdsOrnithologyपक्षी विज्ञान
Study of insectsEntomologyकीट विज्ञान
Study of ancient things/remainsArchaeologyपुरातत्त्व
Study of man and his originAnthropologyमानव विज्ञान
Study of the earth's crust and rocksGeologyभूविज्ञान
Study of plantsBotanyवनस्पति विज्ञान
Study of animalsZoologyप्राणी विज्ञान
Study of the universeCosmologyब्रह्मांड विज्ञान
Study of stars and planetsAstronomyखगोल विज्ञान
Study of old ageGerontologyजराविज्ञान
Study of diseasesPathologyरोग विज्ञान
Study of handwritingGraphologyहस्तलेख विज्ञान
Study of the origin of wordsEtymologyव्युत्पत्ति विज्ञान
Study of fungiMycologyकवक विज्ञान
Study of coinsNumismaticsमुद्राशास्त्र
Study of weatherMeteorologyमौसम विज्ञान
Study of earthquakesSeismologyभूकंप विज्ञान
Study of populationDemographyजनसांख्यिकी
Study of the heartCardiologyहृदय विज्ञान

-phobia और -mania

वाक्यांशOne Wordहिंदी
Fear of waterHydrophobiaजलभीति
Fear of heightsAcrophobiaऊँचाई का डर
Fear of closed spacesClaustrophobiaबंद जगह का डर
Fear of open/crowded spacesAgoraphobiaखुली/भीड़ भरी जगह का डर
Fear of foreignersXenophobiaविदेशियों से डर/घृणा
Fear of darknessNyctophobiaअँधेरे का डर
Fear of firePyrophobiaआग का डर
Fear of deathThanatophobiaमृत्यु का डर
Fear of snakesOphidiophobiaसाँप का डर
Fear of spidersArachnophobiaमकड़ी का डर
Uncontrollable urge to stealKleptomaniaचोरी का रोग
Obsession with oneself / illusion of greatnessMegalomaniaबड़प्पन का भ्रम
Uncontrollable urge to set firePyromaniaआग लगाने का रोग
Inability to sleepInsomniaअनिद्रा

अन्य महत्त्वपूर्ण शब्द

वाक्यांशOne Wordहिंदी
A place where birds are keptAviaryपक्षीशाला
A place where bees are keptApiaryमधुमक्खी-शाला
A place where fish are keptAquariumमछलीघर
A place where dead bodies are keptMortuaryशवगृह
A place where orphans liveOrphanageअनाथालय
A place where coins are madeMintटकसाल
A place where grain is storedGranaryअन्न-भंडार
A place where arms are keptArmoury / Arsenalशस्त्रागार
A place where horses are keptStableअस्तबल
A place where clothes are keptWardrobeकपड़ों की अलमारी
A place where wine is madeWinery / Brewery (beer)मदिरालय
A place for keeping and showing animalsZooचिड़ियाघर
A collection of poemsAnthologyकाव्य-संग्रह
A word opposite in meaningAntonymविलोम
A word that sounds the same but has a different meaningHomonym / Homophoneसमध्वनि शब्द
Words written on a tombEpitaphसमाधि-लेख
A speech delivered without preparationExtemporeआशुभाषण
A short story with a moralFable / Parableनीति-कथा
A speech made by an actor alone on stageSoliloquyस्वगत भाषण
Life history written by oneselfAutobiographyआत्मकथा
That which cannot be readIllegibleअपठनीय
That which cannot be correctedIncorrigibleअसुधार्य
That which cannot be avoidedInevitableअपरिहार्य
That which cannot be seenInvisibleअदृश्य
That which cannot be imitatedInimitableअनुपम
That which cannot be satisfiedInsatiableअतृप्त
That which cannot be conqueredInvincibleअजेय
That which cannot be heardInaudibleअश्रव्य
That which cannot be curedIncurableअसाध्य
That which cannot be practisedImpracticableअव्यावहारिक
That which cannot be describedIndescribableअवर्णनीय
That which cannot be believedIncredibleअविश्वसनीय
That which cannot be destroyedIndestructibleअविनाशी
That which cannot be pierced/woundedInvulnerableअभेद्य
That which can be easily brokenBrittle / Fragileभंगुर
That which can be eatenEdibleखाद्य
That which is fit to drinkPotableपीने योग्य
That which lasts for a short timeEphemeral / Transientक्षणभंगुर
Belonging to all parts of the worldUniversalसार्वभौमिक
Fit to be chosenEligibleपात्र
Not fit to be chosenIneligibleअपात्र
A medicine that counteracts poisonAntidoteविषनाशक
Animals that live both on land and in waterAmphibiansउभयचर
Animals that feed on fleshCarnivoresमांसाहारी
Animals that feed on plantsHerbivoresशाकाहारी (पशु)
A period of ten yearsDecadeदशक
A period of hundred yearsCenturyशताब्दी
A period of thousand yearsMillenniumसहस्राब्दी
The hundredth anniversaryCentenaryशताब्दी समारोह
Happening every two yearsBiennialद्विवार्षिक
Happening twice a yearBiannualवर्ष में दो बार
Done or happening every yearAnnualवार्षिक
Something no longer in useObsoleteअप्रचलित
Something that is out of place in timeAnachronismकालदोष
An office with high salary but little workSinecureआरामतलब नौकरी
A person who is always ready to fightBellicoseझगड़ालू
One who acts against religionHeretic / Infidelविधर्मी
A remedy for all diseasesPanaceaरामबाण
Simple and believing anythingCredulousभोला
Medicine that brings sleepNarcotic / Soporificनिद्राकारी
A thing kept in memory of an eventMemento / Souvenirस्मृति-चिह्न
A sudden rush of people in fearStampedeभगदड़
Spoken or done without preparationImpromptuतत्काल, बिना तैयारी
A system of namingNomenclatureनामपद्धति
A disease spread over a large regionEpidemicमहामारी
A disease spread over the whole worldPandemicवैश्विक महामारी
A disease regularly found in an areaEndemicस्थानिक रोग
Detailed plan of a journeyItineraryयात्रा-कार्यक्रम
भ्रम वाले जोड़े Emigrant (देश छोड़कर जाने वाला) ↔ Immigrant (देश में आने वाला)। Biennial (हर दो साल में) ↔ Biannual (साल में दो बार)। Epidemic (क्षेत्र में फैली) ↔ Pandemic (पूरे विश्व में)। Edible (खाने योग्य) ↔ Potable (पीने योग्य)।

Spelling के नियम

नियमउदाहरणअपवाद/ध्यान दें
i before e, except after c (जब ध्वनि 'ई' हो)believe, achieve, field, piece; receive, ceiling, deceive, perceiveअपवाद: seize, weird, either, neither, leisure, protein
एक-syllable शब्द: एक स्वर + एक व्यंजन → suffix (स्वर से शुरू) पर व्यंजन दोहराrun → running, stop → stopped, big → biggerw, x, y दोहरे नहीं: fix → fixing
दो-syllable शब्द, ज़ोर अंतिम syllable पर → व्यंजन दोहराbegin → beginning, occur → occurred, refer → referred, admit → admittedज़ोर पहले syllable पर हो तो नहीं: visit → visited, offer → offered, benefit → benefited
British English में l दोहराtravel → travelled, cancel → cancelled, label → labelledAmerican: traveled
मौन e: स्वर से शुरू suffix पर e हटता हैmake → making, hope → hoping, write → writingव्यंजन से शुरू suffix पर रहता है: hopeful, movement; अपवाद: argument, truly, ninth, judgment/judgement
-ce/-ge के बाद -able/-ous पर e रहता हैnotice → noticeable, change → changeable, courage → courageous
व्यंजन + y → i (suffix पर)happy → happiness, carry → carried, beauty → beautiful-ing पर y रहता है: carrying, studying
-able / -ible-able: पूरे शब्द के बाद (acceptable, readable, comfortable); -ible: प्रायः अधूरे मूल के बाद (possible, visible, terrible, edible)पूरा नियम नहीं, केवल संकेत
-ance / -enceappearance, assistance, attendance; existence, independence, interference, occurrence
-cede / -ceed / -sedeकेवल exceed, proceed, succeed में -ceed; केवल supersede में -sede; बाकी -cede: precede, recede, concede
British या American? भारत में British वर्तनी मानक है: colour, honour, centre, theatre, programme, travelled, organise/organize, defence, licence (noun), practise (verb), cheque, catalogue। परीक्षा में जब दोनों विकल्प हों तो प्रायः British चुनें; पर एक ही प्रश्न में दोनों रूप सही हो सकते हैं — तब देखें कि बाकी विकल्पों में स्पष्ट गलती कौन-सी है।

बार-बार गलत लिखे जाने वाले शब्द (103)

अभ्यास प्रश्न

  1. One who knows everything:

    1. (a) Omnipotent
    2. (b) Omniscient
    3. (c) Omnipresent
    4. (d) Omnivorous
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) Omniscient — सर्वज्ञ।

  2. Government by the rich:

    1. (a) Plutocracy
    2. (b) Aristocracy
    3. (c) Autocracy
    4. (d) Oligarchy
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) Plutocracy — धनिकतंत्र।

  3. Killing of one's brother:

    1. (a) Patricide
    2. (b) Homicide
    3. (c) Regicide
    4. (d) Fratricide
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) Fratricide — भ्रातृहत्या।

  4. Study of birds:

    1. (a) Entomology
    2. (b) Zoology
    3. (c) Ornithology
    4. (d) Anthropology
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) Ornithology — पक्षी विज्ञान।

  5. Fear of closed spaces:

    1. (a) Agoraphobia
    2. (b) Claustrophobia
    3. (c) Acrophobia
    4. (d) Hydrophobia
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) Claustrophobia — बंद जगह का डर।

  6. A place where bees are kept:

    1. (a) Apiary
    2. (b) Aviary
    3. (c) Aquarium
    4. (d) Granary
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) Apiary — मधुमक्खी-शाला।

  7. That which cannot be read:

    1. (a) Inaudible
    2. (b) Ineligible
    3. (c) Invisible
    4. (d) Illegible
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) Illegible — अपठनीय।

  8. One who collects stamps:

    1. (a) Numismatist
    2. (b) Bibliophile
    3. (c) Philatelist
    4. (d) Cartographer
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) Philatelist — डाक-टिकट संग्रहकर्ता।

  9. A remedy for all diseases:

    1. (a) Antidote
    2. (b) Panacea
    3. (c) Placebo
    4. (d) Vaccine
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) Panacea — रामबाण।

  10. Happening twice a year:

    1. (a) Biannual
    2. (b) Biennial
    3. (c) Perennial
    4. (d) Annual
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) Biannual — वर्ष में दो बार।

  11. One who leaves his own country to settle in another:

    1. (a) Immigrant
    2. (b) Pilgrim
    3. (c) Refugee
    4. (d) Emigrant
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) Emigrant — जाने वाला — emigrant।

  12. Minimum number of members required for a meeting:

    1. (a) Agenda
    2. (b) Minutes
    3. (c) Quorum
    4. (d) Majority
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) Quorum — कोरम।

  13. An office with high pay but little work:

    1. (a) Bureau
    2. (b) Sinecure
    3. (c) Sanctuary
    4. (d) Tenure
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) Sinecure — sinecure।

  14. Choose the correctly spelt word.

    1. (a) Accommodation
    2. (b) Accomodation
    3. (c) Acommodation
    4. (d) Accommodasion
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) Accommodation — दो c, दो m।

  15. Choose the correctly spelt word.

    1. (a) Recieve
    2. (b) Riceive
    3. (c) Receeve
    4. (d) Receive
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) Receive — c के बाद ei।

  16. Choose the correctly spelt word.

    1. (a) Seperate
    2. (b) Separete
    3. (c) Separate
    4. (d) Saparate
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) Separate — sep-a-rate।

  17. Choose the correctly spelt word.

    1. (a) Occured
    2. (b) Occurred
    3. (c) Ocurred
    4. (d) Occurd
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) Occurred — ज़ोर अंतिम syllable पर — r दोहरा।

  18. Choose the incorrectly spelt word.

    1. (a) Definately
    2. (b) Embarrass
    3. (c) Necessary
    4. (d) Committee
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) Definately — सही: definitely।

  19. A disease that spreads over the whole world:

    1. (a) Epidemic
    2. (b) Endemic
    3. (c) Chronic
    4. (d) Pandemic
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) Pandemic — वैश्विक महामारी।

  20. Words inscribed on a tomb:

    1. (a) Epilogue
    2. (b) Epigram
    3. (c) Epitaph
    4. (d) Epithet
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) Epitaph — समाधि-लेख।

साथ में पढ़ेंSynonyms and Antonyms · अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द (हिंदी)

संदर्भ

ये नोट्स हमने अपने शब्दों में लिखे हैं। नियमों और उदाहरणों का मिलान इन मानक स्रोतों से किया गया है:

  • Merriam-Webster Dictionary — meanings and spellings (spot-checked)