पत्र 1 · अंग्रेजी भाषा ज्ञान · अध्याय 5
Active and Passive Voice (वाच्य)
Voice बदलने के प्रश्न हर साल आते हैं। तीन कदम याद कर लें — object को subject बनाएँ, be का सही रूप + V3 लगाएँ, कर्ता को by के साथ अंत में रखें — फिर हर Tense का formula अपने-आप बैठ जाता है।
अंतिम अपडेट: 2026-10-14
इस अध्याय में
Voice क्या है
क्रिया का वह रूप जिससे पता चले कि वाक्य में कर्ता (doer) प्रधान है या कर्म (जिस पर काम हुआ)। Active Voice में कर्ता प्रधान, Passive Voice में कर्म प्रधान।
- Premchand wrote Godan. — Active — प्रेमचंद ने गोदान लिखा।
- Godan was written by Premchand. — Passive — गोदान प्रेमचंद द्वारा लिखा गया।
Passive कब प्रयोग करते हैं: कर्ता अज्ञात, स्पष्ट या महत्त्वहीन हो (My purse has been stolen. English is spoken all over the world.); काम पर ज़ोर देना हो; औपचारिक, वैज्ञानिक या सरकारी भाषा में (Applications are invited …)।
Passive बनाने के तीन कदम
Pronoun का रूप बदलना
| Subject (Active) | → by + Object (Passive) | Object (Active) | → Subject (Passive) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | by me | me | I |
| we | by us | us | we |
| you | by you | you | you |
| he | by him | him | he |
| she | by her | her | she |
| they | by them | them | they |
| who | by whom | whom | who |
हर Tense का Passive
| Tense | Active | Passive (be का रूप + V3) |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. — is/am/are + V3 |
| Present Continuous | She is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by her. — is/am/are being + V3 |
| Present Perfect | She has written a letter. | A letter has been written by her. — has/have been + V3 |
| Past Simple | She wrote a letter. | A letter was written by her. — was/were + V3 |
| Past Continuous | She was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by her. — was/were being + V3 |
| Past Perfect | She had written a letter. | A letter had been written by her. — had been + V3 |
| Future Simple | She will write a letter. | A letter will be written by her. — will be + V3 |
| Future Perfect | She will have written a letter. | A letter will have been written by her. — will have been + V3 |
| be going to | They are going to build a road. | A road is going to be built. |
Modal वाले वाक्य
- We can solve this problem. → This problem can be solved by us.
- You should help the poor. → The poor should be helped by you.
- They might have finished the work. → The work might have been finished by them. — modal + have been + V3
- I have to complete the task. → The task has to be completed by me. — have to/has to/had to + be + V3
- She ought to do it. → It ought to be done by her.
प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य
पहले वाक्य को सामान्य (assertive) रूप में सोचें, Passive बनाएँ, फिर प्रश्न बनाएँ।
| प्रकार | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No (do/does) | Do you like tea? | Is tea liked by you? |
| Yes/No (did) | Did he break the glass? | Was the glass broken by him? |
| Yes/No (has/have) | Have you seen the film? | Has the film been seen by you? |
| Yes/No (modal) | Can you lift this box? | Can this box be lifted by you? |
| Who (कर्ता) | Who wrote this poem? | By whom was this poem written? |
| Whom (कर्म) | Whom did you call? | Who was called by you? |
| What (कर्म) | What did he say? | What was said by him? |
| Why/When/Where/How | Why did you beat the dog? | Why was the dog beaten by you? |
| Which | Which book did you choose? | Which book was chosen by you? |
आज्ञावाचक वाक्य (Let)
| प्रकार | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| आदेश | Shut the window. | Let the window be shut. |
| नकारात्मक आदेश | Do not insult the poor. | Let not the poor be insulted. / The poor should not be insulted. |
| अनुरोध (please/kindly) | Please help me. | You are requested to help me. |
| सलाह | Respect your elders. | You are advised to respect your elders. / Elders should be respected. |
| आदेश (औपचारिक) | Leave the room at once. | You are ordered to leave the room at once. |
| Let वाला Active | Let him do the work. | Let the work be done by him. |
| Object रहित | Get out. | You are ordered to get out. |
खास रचनाएँ
दो Object वाली क्रियाएँ
give, tell, show, teach, offer, send, lend, ask, pay, promise — दो Passive बन सकते हैं। व्यक्ति वाले object को subject बनाना अधिक स्वाभाविक है।
- The teacher gave me a prize. — Active
- I was given a prize by the teacher. — व्यक्ति subject — अधिक प्रचलित
- A prize was given to me by the teacher. — वस्तु subject — to जोड़ें
That-clause वाले वाक्य (say, believe, know, think)
- People say that he is honest. — Active
- It is said that he is honest. — It + be + V3 + that
- He is said to be honest. — Subject + be + V3 + to-infinitive
- People believe that he was a spy. → He is believed to have been a spy. — पुरानी बात — to have + V3
Infinitive और Gerund
- I want you to finish the work. → I want the work to be finished by you. — to be + V3
- He likes people praising him. → He likes being praised. — being + V3
- There is no time to waste. → There is no time to be wasted.
Bare infinitive वाली क्रियाएँ (make, see, hear, let)
Passive में to लौट आता है: They made him work. → He was made to work. I saw him go. → He was seen to go.
Phrasal verbs
Preposition/particle क्रिया के साथ ही रहता है: They laughed at the beggar. → The beggar was laughed at by them. She looks after the child. → The child is looked after by her.
Agent कब हटाएँ
जब कर्ता someone, somebody, people, they, one, nobody जैसा अस्पष्ट हो: Someone has stolen my bag. → My bag has been stolen. Nobody हो तो वाक्य नकारात्मक बनाएँ: Nobody has seen him. → He has not been seen by anybody.
By के अलावा Preposition
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| His conduct pleased me. | I was pleased with his conduct. |
| I know him. | He is known to me. |
| The result surprised us. | We were surprised at the result. |
| Water fills the tank. | The tank is filled with water. |
| The news shocked everyone. | Everyone was shocked at/by the news. |
| Music interests her. | She is interested in music. |
| Smoke filled the room. | The room was filled with smoke. |
| His behaviour disappointed me. | I was disappointed with/at his behaviour. |
| Snow covered the hills. | The hills were covered with snow. |
जिनका Passive नहीं बनता
- अकर्मक क्रियाएँ: die, arrive, sleep, go, come, happen, seem, exist, occur — He died in 2001. (was died ✗)
- स्थिति/संबंध बताने वाली कुछ सकर्मक क्रियाएँ: have (रखना), resemble, lack, suit, fit, cost — She has a car. का Passive नहीं; He resembles his father. का नहीं।
- Perfect Continuous और Future Continuous Tense।
अभ्यास प्रश्न
हर प्रश्न में दिए गए वाक्य का सही Passive (या Active) चुनिए।
The cat killed the rat.
- (a) The rat was being killed by the cat.
- (b) The rat was killed by the cat.
- (c) The rat is killed by the cat.
- (d) The rat had been killed by the cat.
उत्तर देखें
(b) The rat was killed by the cat. — Past Simple → was + V3।
She is singing a song.
- (a) A song is being sung by her.
- (b) A song was being sung by her.
- (c) A song is sung by her.
- (d) A song has been sung by her.
उत्तर देखें
(a) A song is being sung by her. — Present Continuous → is being + V3।
They have completed the project.
- (a) The project is completed by them.
- (b) The project had been completed by them.
- (c) The project was completed by them.
- (d) The project has been completed by them.
उत्तर देखें
(d) The project has been completed by them. — Present Perfect → has been + V3।
He will deliver a speech.
- (a) A speech will deliver by him.
- (b) A speech would be delivered by him.
- (c) A speech will be delivered by him.
- (d) A speech will have delivered by him.
उत्तर देखें
(c) A speech will be delivered by him. — Future Simple → will be + V3।
Who broke the window?
- (a) Who was the window broken by him?
- (b) By whom was the window broken?
- (c) By whom the window was broken?
- (d) Who broke the window by?
उत्तर देखें
(b) By whom was the window broken? — Who → By whom + was + subject + V3?
Open the gate.
- (a) Let the gate be opened.
- (b) Let the gate opened.
- (c) The gate is opened.
- (d) The gate be opened.
उत्तर देखें
(a) Let the gate be opened. — Imperative → Let + object + be + V3।
Please give me a glass of water.
- (a) A glass of water is given to me.
- (b) A glass of water please given to me.
- (c) Let a glass of water be given.
- (d) You are requested to give me a glass of water.
उत्तर देखें
(d) You are requested to give me a glass of water. — please वाले अनुरोध → You are requested to …
We must respect the law.
- (a) The law must have been respected.
- (b) The law must respected by us.
- (c) The law must be respected by us.
- (d) The law should respect by us.
उत्तर देखें
(c) The law must be respected by us. — Modal + be + V3।
Did she write this essay?
- (a) Did this essay written by her?
- (b) Was this essay written by her?
- (c) Is this essay written by her?
- (d) Has this essay been written by her?
उत्तर देखें
(b) Was this essay written by her? — Did → Was/Were + V3।
His behaviour pleased everyone.
- (a) Everyone was pleased with his behaviour.
- (b) Everyone was pleased to his behaviour.
- (c) Everyone pleased with his behaviour.
- (d) Everyone is pleased at his behaviour.
उत्तर देखें
(a) Everyone was pleased with his behaviour. — pleased with।
I know her.
- (a) She is known by me.
- (b) She knows me.
- (c) She was known by me.
- (d) She is known to me.
उत्तर देखें
(d) She is known to me. — known to।
People say that he is a genius.
- (a) It said that he is a genius.
- (b) He was said a genius.
- (c) It is said that he is a genius.
- (d) He is saying to be a genius.
उत्तर देखें
(c) It is said that he is a genius. — It + is said + that …
Someone has stolen my mobile.
- (a) My mobile was stolen by someone.
- (b) My mobile has been stolen.
- (c) My mobile had been stolen.
- (d) My mobile has stolen.
उत्तर देखें
(b) My mobile has been stolen. — अस्पष्ट कर्ता हटा दें; Present Perfect → has been + V3।
They made him confess.
- (a) He was made to confess.
- (b) He was made confess.
- (c) He made to confess.
- (d) He was confessed.
उत्तर देखें
(a) He was made to confess. — make — Passive में to लौटता है।
The children were laughing at the joker.
- (a) The joker was being laughed by the children.
- (b) The joker is being laughed at by the children.
- (c) The joker was laughed at by the children.
- (d) The joker was being laughed at by the children.
उत्तर देखें
(d) The joker was being laughed at by the children. — Past Continuous; at साथ रहेगा।
The teacher taught us grammar.
- (a) We are taught grammar by the teacher.
- (b) Grammar taught us by the teacher.
- (c) We were taught grammar by the teacher.
- (d) Grammar were taught to us.
उत्तर देखें
(c) We were taught grammar by the teacher. — व्यक्ति object को subject बनाया।
Nobody has seen him today.
- (a) He has been seen by nobody today.
- (b) He has not been seen by anybody today.
- (c) He was not seen by anybody today.
- (d) He has been not seen today.
उत्तर देखें
(b) He has not been seen by anybody today. — Nobody → not … by anybody।
The letter had been posted by me. (Change into Active)
- (a) I had posted the letter.
- (b) I have posted the letter.
- (c) I posted the letter.
- (d) I was posting the letter.
उत्तर देखें
(a) I had posted the letter. — had been + V3 → Past Perfect।
Snow covered the mountains.
- (a) The mountains had covered with snow.
- (b) The mountains are covered by snow.
- (c) The mountains covered with snow.
- (d) The mountains were covered with snow.
उत्तर देखें
(d) The mountains were covered with snow. — covered with।
Do not touch the wire.
- (a) Let the wire is not touched.
- (b) The wire do not be touched.
- (c) Let not the wire be touched.
- (d) Let the wire be not touch.
उत्तर देखें
(c) Let not the wire be touched. — नकारात्मक आदेश → Let not + object + be + V3।
संदर्भ
ये नोट्स हमने अपने शब्दों में लिखे हैं। नियमों और उदाहरणों का मिलान इन मानक स्रोतों से किया गया है:
- British Council, LearnEnglish — Grammar: Passives (forms by tense, uses of the passive)