पत्र 1 · अंग्रेजी भाषा ज्ञान · अध्याय 1

Parts of Speech (शब्द-भेद)

अंग्रेजी व्याकरण की नींव। Error spotting और fill in the blanks के ज़्यादातर प्रश्न इन्हीं नियमों पर टिके होते हैं — Noun का वचन, Pronoun का रूप, Adjective की Degree, Verb का सही रूप और Conjunction के जोड़े।

अंतिम अपडेट: 2026-10-14

इस अध्याय में

आठ Parts of Speech
Noun (संज्ञा)
Number: Singular-Plural के नियम
Possessive Case ('s)
Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
Adjective (विशेषण)
Degrees of Comparison
Verb (क्रिया)
Infinitive, Gerund, Participle
Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
Conjunction और Interjection
एक शब्द, कई Parts of Speech
अभ्यास प्रश्न

आठ Parts of Speech

वाक्य में कोई शब्द क्या काम कर रहा है, उसी से तय होता है कि वह कौन-सा Part of Speech है। अंग्रेजी में ये आठ हैं।

Part of Speech	हिंदी	काम	उदाहरण
Noun	संज्ञा	व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान, भाव का नाम	Ranchi, river, honesty, team
Pronoun	सर्वनाम	संज्ञा के स्थान पर	he, they, myself, who, each other
Adjective	विशेषण	संज्ञा/सर्वनाम की विशेषता	tall, five, some, this, golden
Verb	क्रिया	काम या होना	run, is, have, can, write
Adverb	क्रियाविशेषण	क्रिया, विशेषण या दूसरे Adverb की विशेषता	slowly, very, never, here
Preposition	संबंधबोधक	संज्ञा/सर्वनाम का दूसरे शब्द से संबंध	in, on, at, by, with, since
Conjunction	समुच्चयबोधक	शब्दों या वाक्यों को जोड़ना	and, but, because, although
Interjection	विस्मयादिबोधक	भावना का अचानक प्रकट होना	Alas! Hurrah! Oh!

याद रखें Determiners (a, an, the, this, some, every) को आधुनिक व्याकरण अलग वर्ग मानता है, पर परीक्षा में इन्हें प्रायः Adjective में गिना जाता है। Articles का पूरा अध्याय: Articles and Prepositions।

Noun (संज्ञा)

प्रकार	पहचान	उदाहरण
Proper Noun	किसी विशेष व्यक्ति/स्थान का नाम — हमेशा Capital letter से	Birsa Munda, Jharkhand, the Ganga, Monday
Common Noun	एक जाति की हर वस्तु का नाम	boy, city, book, river
Collective Noun	समूह का नाम	team, army, jury, family, committee, flock, herd
Material Noun	पदार्थ का नाम (गिने नहीं जाते)	gold, iron, milk, wood, cotton
Abstract Noun	गुण, अवस्था, भाव — छू नहीं सकते	honesty, childhood, freedom, anger, poverty

Countable और Uncountable

Countable (गिनने योग्य) के साथ a/an, many, few, a number of और plural रूप; Uncountable के साथ much, little, a great deal of, an amount of — और इनका plural नहीं बनता।

He gave me some advice. — (advices ✗) — एक सलाह चाहिए तो: a piece of advice
The information is correct. — (informations are ✗)
We bought new furniture. — (furnitures ✗) — a piece of furniture
Many students / much water — many गिने जाने वालों के लिए, much न गिने जाने वालों के लिए

परीक्षा का जाल: ये शब्द हमेशा Uncountable/Singular advice, information, furniture, luggage, baggage, equipment, machinery, scenery, poetry, knowledge, news, mischief, bread, stationery, traffic, homework, work (काम), evidence, jewellery — इनमें "s" नहीं लगता, इनके साथ "a/an" नहीं आता और क्रिया singular होती है: The scenery is beautiful. The news is good.

Number: Singular-Plural के नियम

नियम	उदाहरण
सामान्य: -s	book → books, river → rivers
-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z पर: -es	bus → buses, class → classes, bush → bushes, watch → watches, box → boxes
व्यंजन + y → -ies; स्वर + y → केवल -s	city → cities, lady → ladies; boy → boys, key → keys, day → days
व्यंजन + o → प्रायः -es	hero → heroes, potato → potatoes, mango → mangoes; पर photo → photos, piano → pianos, radio → radios, kilo → kilos
-f/-fe → -ves	knife → knives, leaf → leaves, wife → wives, half → halves, thief → thieves; पर roof → roofs, chief → chiefs, belief → beliefs, proof → proofs, safe → safes
स्वर बदलकर	man → men, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, goose → geese, mouse → mice
-en जोड़कर	child → children, ox → oxen
दोनों रूप एक जैसे	sheep, deer, fish (प्रायः), swine, aircraft, series, species
संयुक्त शब्द — मुख्य शब्द plural	son-in-law → sons-in-law, passer-by → passers-by, commander-in-chief → commanders-in-chief
Latin/Greek शब्द	datum → data, medium → media, criterion → criteria, phenomenon → phenomena, crisis → crises, analysis → analyses, basis → bases, thesis → theses, radius → radii

हमेशा Plural वाले Nouns

दो हिस्सों से बनी चीज़ें और कुछ खास शब्द — इनके साथ plural क्रिया: scissors, trousers, spectacles, tongs, pliers, jeans, shorts, goods, riches, thanks, premises, surroundings, outskirts, alms, cattle, police, people, poultry, clergy, gentry।

The police have arrested the thief. — police हमेशा plural
Cattle are grazing in the field. — cattle का plural रूप नहीं — cattles ✗
My spectacles are broken. — एक चश्मा भी: a pair of spectacles is

दिखने में Plural, पर Singular

news, mathematics, physics, economics, politics (विषय के रूप में), measles, mumps, billiards, innings — क्रिया singular: Mathematics is my favourite subject.

संख्या के साथ संख्या-विशेषण के बाद dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, pair, foot, year singular रहते हैं: two dozen eggs, a five-year course, a ten-rupee note, three hundred people। पर अनिश्चित संख्या में plural: dozens of eggs, hundreds of people।

Gender (लिंग): Masculine (king), Feminine (queen), Common (parent, teacher, student), Neuter (table, river)। प्रमुख जोड़े: hero–heroine, lion–lioness, tiger–tigress, actor–actress, host–hostess, emperor–empress, nephew–niece, bachelor–spinster, monk–nun, horse–mare, dog–bitch, bull/ox–cow, drake–duck, gander–goose, wizard–witch, widower–widow।

Possessive Case ('s)

नियम	उदाहरण
सजीव के साथ 's	Ravi's book, the teacher's chair
-s वाले plural के साथ केवल '	the boys' hostel, the girls' school
बिना -s वाले plural के साथ 's	children's park, men's wear, women's rights
दोनों का साझा — अंत में 's; अलग-अलग — दोनों पर	Ram and Shyam's shop (एक दुकान); Ram's and Shyam's shops (अलग दुकानें)
निर्जीव के साथ प्रायः of	the leg of the table (the table's leg ✗)
पर समय, दूरी, मूल्य और मानवीकृत चीज़ों के साथ 's	a day's journey, a stone's throw, ten rupees' worth, the sun's rays, the nation's pride, for God's sake
संयुक्त शब्द — अंतिम शब्द पर	my sister-in-law's car

Pronoun (सर्वनाम)

Subject	Object	Possessive Adjective	Possessive Pronoun	Reflexive
I	me	my	mine	myself
we	us	our	ours	ourselves
you	you	your	yours	yourself / yourselves
he	him	his	his	himself
she	her	her	hers	herself
it	it	its	its	itself
they	them	their	theirs	themselves

सबसे आम गलतियाँ its (उसका) और it's (= it is) अलग हैं। Possessive Pronoun में apostrophe कभी नहीं: yours, ours, hers, theirs (your's ✗)। hisself, theirselves, ourself — ये शब्द हैं ही नहीं।

प्रकार	उदाहरण / नियम
Personal	I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Reflexive (कर्ता पर ही क्रिया लौटे)	He hurt himself. — कुछ क्रियाओं के साथ Reflexive नहीं लगता: enjoy के साथ लगता है (We enjoyed ourselves), पर keep, hide, qualify, bathe, rest के साथ ज़रूरी नहीं
Emphatic (ज़ोर देने के लिए)	I myself saw it. The Principal himself came.
Demonstrative	this, that, these, those — तुलना में दोहराव से बचने के लिए that of / those of: The climate of Ranchi is better than that of Patna.
Interrogative	who (कर्ता), whom (कर्म), whose, which, what
Relative	who, whom, whose, which, that — व्यक्ति के लिए who/whom, वस्तु/पशु के लिए which, दोनों के लिए that
Indefinite	one, someone, anybody, everyone, nobody, none, all, few, many
Distributive	each, either, neither — हमेशा singular क्रिया: Each of the boys has a pen.
Reciprocal	each other (दो के बीच), one another (दो से अधिक के बीच) — आज के प्रयोग में यह भेद ढीला है, पर परीक्षा पुराना नियम मानती है

Pronoun के नियम जो सबसे ज़्यादा पूछे जाते हैं

Between you and me, he is wrong. — Preposition के बाद Object रूप — between you and I ✗
He is taller than I (am). — than/as के बाद अधूरी क्रिया मानकर Subject रूप
It is I who am to blame. — It is के बाद औपचारिक रूप Subject; who की क्रिया उसी सर्वनाम के अनुसार (am)
You, he and I will go. — क्रम: 2-3-1 (You, he and I) — अच्छे काम में
I, you and he are guilty. — गलती स्वीकारने में क्रम: 1-2-3
One should keep one's promise. — one के बाद one's/oneself — his ✗
Everyone must bring his or her (या their) ID. — everyone singular है; आज they/their भी स्वीकार्य, पर परीक्षा में his/his or her सुरक्षित
Whom did you meet? — क्रिया का कर्म — whom
The boy who I thought was absent came. — I thought बीच का वाक्यांश है; who was absent का कर्ता है

Who / Whom पहचानने की तरकीब उत्तर में he आए तो who, him आए तो whom: Who called? — He called. Whom did you call? — I called him.

Adjective (विशेषण)

प्रकार	उदाहरण
Quality (गुणवाचक)	brave, honest, red, Indian
Quantity (परिमाणवाचक) — Uncountable के साथ	much, little, some, any, enough, whole, all
Number (संख्यावाचक)	one, first, many, few, several, each, every
Demonstrative	this, that, these, those, such
Interrogative	which, what, whose (संज्ञा से पहले)
Possessive	my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Distributive	each, every, either, neither

Few / A few / The few — Little / A little / The little

शब्द	अर्थ	उदाहरण
few	लगभग नहीं (नकारात्मक भाव) — countable	Few people attended. (बहुत कम, निराशा)
a few	कुछ (सकारात्मक) — countable	A few friends helped me.
the few	जो थोड़े-से थे, वे सब	The few books he had were old.
little	लगभग नहीं — uncountable	There is little hope.
a little	थोड़ा (सकारात्मक) — uncountable	Add a little salt.
the little	जो थोड़ा था, वह सब	He spent the little money he had.

जोड़ा	नियम
many / much	many — countable; much — uncountable
fewer / less	fewer — countable (fewer mistakes); less — uncountable (less sugar)
number / amount	a number of students; an amount of money
each / every	each — दो या अधिक में एक-एक; every — तीन या अधिक, समूह के हर सदस्य पर ज़ोर; every के बाद 'of' नहीं: every one of them ✓, every of them ✗
some / any	some — सकारात्मक वाक्य और offer/request वाले प्रश्न (Would you like some tea?); any — नकारात्मक और सामान्य प्रश्न
elder / older	elder — परिवार के लिए, than नहीं लगता (my elder brother); older — आयु की तुलना, than के साथ (He is older than me)
later / latter	later — समय; latter — क्रम में दूसरा (former … latter)
farther / further	farther — दूरी; further — दूरी और 'आगे/अतिरिक्त' (further information)
last / latest	last — क्रम में अंतिम; latest — सबसे नया (the latest news)
nearest / next	nearest — दूरी में सबसे पास; next — क्रम में अगला

Adjectives का क्रम (कई विशेषण एक साथ)

सामान्य क्रम: Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Colour → Origin → Material → Purpose → Noun। याद रखने का सूत्र: OSASCOMP। संख्या सबसे पहले: the first two chapters (two first ✗)।

a beautiful old wooden house — opinion → age → material
a small round black leather bag — size → shape → colour → material
two big Indian cooking pots — number → size → origin → purpose

Degrees of Comparison

नियम	Positive → Comparative → Superlative
एक syllable: -er / -est	tall → taller → tallest; old → older → oldest
-e पर: -r / -st	wise → wiser → wisest; large → larger → largest
एक स्वर + एक व्यंजन: व्यंजन दोहरा	big → bigger → biggest; hot → hotter → hottest; thin → thinner → thinnest
व्यंजन + y: y → i	happy → happier → happiest; easy → easier → easiest
अधिकतर दो और सभी तीन+ syllable: more / most	careful → more careful → most careful; beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
कुछ दो-syllable शब्द दोनों तरह	gentle, polite, simple, clever, narrow — gentler / more gentle
अनियमित	good/well → better → best; bad/ill → worse → worst; many/much → more → most; little → less → least; far → farther/further → farthest/furthest; late → later/latter → latest/last; old → older/elder → oldest/eldest

दोहरी तुलना और Latin Comparatives more better, most cleverest ✗ — एक साथ दो चिह्न नहीं। superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, anterior, posterior, prefer, preferable के साथ to लगता है, than नहीं: He is senior to me. I prefer tea to coffee. unique, perfect, complete, ideal, round, square, excellent, extreme की तुलना नहीं होती: more unique ✗।

तुलना के नियम

Ranchi is cooler than any other city in Jharkhand. — comparative + than any other + singular noun (स्वयं को समूह से बाहर रखने के लिए other ज़रूरी)
Ranchi is one of the coolest cities. — one of the + superlative + plural noun
She is as tall as her mother. — बराबरी: as … as; नकारात्मक में not so/as … as
The more you read, the better you write. — the + comparative, the + comparative
It is getting hotter and hotter. — लगातार बदलाव
Of the two sisters, Rita is the taller. — दो में चुनाव: the + comparative
He is much taller than me. — comparative पर ज़ोर: much/far/a lot — very taller ✗

Verb (क्रिया)

प्रकार	पहचान	उदाहरण
Transitive (सकर्मक)	कर्म (object) चाहिए	She wrote a letter.
Intransitive (अकर्मक)	कर्म नहीं	The baby slept.
Linking (Copula)	कर्ता को पूरक से जोड़ती है	be, seem, become, appear, look, feel, taste, sound, grow, turn — The food tastes good (well ✗).
Auxiliary (सहायक)	काल/वाच्य बनाने में	be, have, do
Modal	संभावना, क्षमता, अनुमति, कर्तव्य	can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, need, dare, used to

Modal के बाद हमेशा V1 (बिना to): He can swim. You must go. — अपवाद: ought to, used to। Modal पर s नहीं लगता: He cans ✗। दो Modal साथ नहीं: will can ✗ → will be able to।

Modal	मुख्य अर्थ	उदाहरण
can / could	क्षमता; अनुमति (could अधिक विनम्र)	I can read French. Could you help me?
may / might	अनुमति; संभावना (might कम संभावना); आशीर्वाद — May	May I come in? It might rain. May you live long!
must	अनिवार्यता; पक्का अनुमान	You must wear a helmet. He must be tired.
should / ought to	नैतिक कर्तव्य, सलाह	You should respect elders. We ought to help the poor.
need / dare	Modal रूप में केवल नकारात्मक/प्रश्न में	You needn't come. How dare you say that?
used to	अतीत की आदत	I used to walk to school. (be used to + -ing = आदी होना: I am used to walking.)
would	अतीत की बार-बार की क्रिया; विनम्र अनुरोध	Every evening he would sit by the river. Would you open the door?

कठिन Verb Forms (V1 – V2 – V3)

V1	V2	V3	ध्यान दें
lie (लेटना)	lay	lain	अकर्मक: He lay on the bed.
lay (रखना/अंडा देना)	laid	laid	सकर्मक: She laid the book on the table.
lie (झूठ बोलना)	lied	lied	नियमित
hang (टाँगना)	hung	hung	He hung the picture.
hang (फाँसी देना)	hanged	hanged	The murderer was hanged.
rise (उठना, अकर्मक)	rose	risen	The sun has risen.
raise (उठाना, सकर्मक)	raised	raised	Raise your hand.
sit / seat	sat / seated	sat / seated	seat सकर्मक: Please be seated.
fall / fell (काटना)	fell / felled	fallen / felled	They felled the tree.
find / found (स्थापना करना)	found / founded	found / founded	He founded a school.
fly / flow	flew / flowed	flown / flowed
bear	bore	borne / born	born केवल जन्म के अर्थ में passive में
bid / forbid	bade (bid) / forbade	bidden (bid) / forbidden
strike	struck	struck / stricken	stricken: grief-stricken
cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, burst, cast, quit	वही	वही	तीनों रूप एक जैसे
begin, drink, ring, sing, sink, swim	began, drank, rang, sang, sank, swam	begun, drunk, rung, sung, sunk, swum	V2 में a, V3 में u

Infinitive, Gerund, Participle (Non-finite)

ये क्रिया से बने रूप हैं जो कर्ता के अनुसार नहीं बदलते।

रूप	पहचान	उदाहरण
Infinitive	to + V1 (कभी-कभी बिना to)	I want to learn. Let him go.
Gerund	V1 + ing, संज्ञा का काम	Swimming is good exercise. He is fond of reading.
Present Participle	V1 + ing, विशेषण का काम	a running train; Hearing the noise, he woke up.
Past Participle	V3, विशेषण का काम	a broken chair; Tired of work, he slept.

बिना "to" वाला Infinitive (Bare Infinitive)

make, let, help (दोनों), see, hear, watch, feel, bid के कर्म के बाद और had better, would rather, would sooner, cannot but के बाद: He made me laugh. You had better leave. I would rather die than beg. पर Passive में "to" लौट आता है: I was made to laugh.

किन क्रियाओं के बाद Gerund (-ing), किनके बाद Infinitive

केवल Gerund (-ing)	केवल to-Infinitive
enjoy, avoid, admit, deny, mind, finish, consider, miss, practise, suggest, recommend, risk, give up, can't help, can't stand, feel like, look forward to, be used to, object to, keep (on), postpone, quit	want, decide, hope, plan, promise, refuse, agree, afford, offer, expect, learn, choose, manage, fail, pretend, seem, wish, would like, threaten, prepare

to के बाद -ing जहाँ "to" Preposition है, वहाँ Gerund आता है: I look forward to meeting you. He is used to working late. She objected to being called names. With a view to getting a job. (look forward to meet ✗)

क्रिया	+ Gerund	+ Infinitive
remember	I remember locking the door. (पहले किया, अब याद है)	Remember to lock the door. (आगे करना है)
forget	I'll never forget meeting him.	Don't forget to post the letter.
stop	He stopped smoking. (छोड़ दिया)	He stopped to smoke. (रुककर सिगरेट पी)
try	Try adding salt. (प्रयोग के तौर पर)	Try to finish on time. (कोशिश)
regret	I regret telling him. (बताने का पछतावा)	We regret to inform you … (खेद के साथ सूचना)
like / love / hate / begin / start	दोनों चलते हैं, अर्थ लगभग समान

Dangling Participle Walking along the road, a snake bit him. ✗ (साँप नहीं चल रहा था)। ✓ Walking along the road, he was bitten by a snake. — participle वाले हिस्से का कर्ता वही हो जो मुख्य वाक्य का।

Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

प्रकार	उदाहरण
Manner (कैसे)	slowly, carefully, well, fast
Time (कब)	now, then, today, soon, already, yet, ago
Place (कहाँ)	here, there, everywhere, inside
Frequency (कितनी बार)	always, often, sometimes, seldom, never
Degree (कितना)	very, too, quite, almost, enough, rather
Interrogative	when, where, why, how

जोड़ा	अंतर
hard / hardly	hard = कड़ी मेहनत से (He works hard); hardly = मुश्किल से, लगभग नहीं (He hardly works — लगभग काम ही नहीं करता)
late / lately	late = देर से; lately = हाल ही में
near / nearly	near = पास; nearly = लगभग
high / highly	high = ऊँचा; highly = बहुत अधिक (highly paid)
very / much	very — positive degree और present participle के साथ (very good, very interesting); much — comparative और past participle के साथ (much better, much pleased)
too / very	too = आवश्यकता से अधिक (नकारात्मक परिणाम): too hot to drink; प्रशंसा में too नहीं: very kind of you
enough	विशेषण/क्रियाविशेषण के बाद: old enough (enough old ✗); संज्ञा से पहले: enough money
ago / before	ago — अभी से पहले, Past Simple के साथ (two years ago); before — किसी अतीत बिंदु से पहले, Past Perfect के साथ

Frequency Adverb की जगह: मुख्य क्रिया से पहले, पर am/is/are/was/were और पहले सहायक क्रिया के बाद: He always comes late. He is always late. I have never seen it.

दोहरा नकार hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, barely, never, no, nothing स्वयं नकारात्मक हैं — इनके साथ not नहीं: I can hardly see. (can't hardly ✗)। Adverb से वाक्य शुरू हो तो क्रम उलटता है: Never have I seen such a sight. Seldom does he come.

Conjunction और Interjection

Coordinating (बराबर के हिस्सों को जोड़ें) — for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (सूत्र: FANBOYS)। Subordinating (आश्रित उपवाक्य जोड़ें) — because, since, as, although, though, if, unless, until, when, while, that, so that, lest।

Correlative Conjunctions — जोड़े सही रखें

जोड़ा	उदाहरण
either … or	Either you or he is wrong.
neither … nor	Neither the teacher nor the students were present.
both … and	Both Ram and Shyam are here. (both … as well as ✗)
not only … but also	He is not only intelligent but also hardworking.
whether … or	I don't know whether he will come or not.
though / although … yet	Though he is poor, yet he is honest. (but ✗)
no sooner … than	No sooner had he reached than it started raining. (when ✗)
hardly / scarcely … when	Hardly had I left when the phone rang. (than ✗)
such … that / so … that	He was so tired that he slept at once.
such … as	Read such books as are useful.
as … as / so … as	He is as tall as I. He is not so tall as I.
lest … should	Work hard lest you should fail. (lest के साथ not नहीं)
rather / other … than	I would rather walk than wait. He has no other aim than success.

Conjunction की गलतियाँ unless और until में "not" पहले से है: Unless you work hard, you will fail. (unless you do not ✗)। because के साथ so/therefore नहीं; although के साथ but नहीं। The reason why … is that (is because ✗)। Since समय के लिए बिंदु बताता है: since Monday; अवधि के लिए for: for two days।

Interjection: Alas! (दुःख), Hurrah! (हर्ष), Bravo! (शाबाशी), Oh! / Ah! (आश्चर्य), Hush! (चुप), Fie! (घृणा)। इसके बाद प्रायः विस्मयादिबोधक चिह्न (!) लगता है।

एक शब्द, कई Parts of Speech

शब्द का Part of Speech उसके काम से तय होता है, रूप से नहीं:

शब्द	वाक्य	Part of Speech
fast	He keeps a fast. / a fast train / He runs fast. / Muslims fast in Ramzan.	Noun / Adjective / Adverb / Verb
round	a round table / the first round / He went round. / round the corner	Adjective / Noun / Adverb / Preposition
well	He sings well. / I am well. / a deep well / Well, let us begin.	Adverb / Adjective / Noun / Interjection
since	since Monday / I haven't seen him since. / Since you are ill, rest.	Preposition / Adverb / Conjunction
that	That is mine. / that book / He said that he was busy. / the pen that I bought	Pronoun / Adjective / Conjunction / Relative Pronoun
but	He is poor but honest. / All but him came. / He is but a child.	Conjunction / Preposition (= except) / Adverb (= only)

अभ्यास प्रश्न

Choose the correct sentence.
1. (a) He gave me many advices.
2. (b) He gave me a lot of advice.
3. (c) He gave me much advices.
4. (d) He gave me an advice.
उत्तर देखें
(b) He gave me a lot of advice. — advice uncountable है — plural नहीं, a/an नहीं।
The plural of "criterion" is —
1. (a) criteria
2. (b) criterions
3. (c) criterias
4. (d) criterion
उत्तर देखें
(a) criteria — Greek शब्द: criterion → criteria।
Fill in the blank: The scenery of Netarhat ____ breathtaking.
1. (a) are
2. (b) were
3. (c) have been
4. (d) is
उत्तर देखें
(d) is — scenery हमेशा singular।
Fill in the blank: Between you and ____, he is not reliable.
1. (a) I
2. (b) myself
3. (c) me
4. (d) mine
उत्तर देखें
(c) me — Preposition (between) के बाद Object रूप।
Fill in the blank: Each of the students ____ given a book.
1. (a) were
2. (b) was
3. (c) are
4. (d) have been
उत्तर देखें
(b) was — each हमेशा singular क्रिया लेता है।
Choose the correct sentence.
1. (a) She is senior to me.
2. (b) She is senior than me.
3. (c) She is more senior than me.
4. (d) She is senior from me.
उत्तर देखें
(a) She is senior to me. — senior, junior, superior, inferior के साथ to।
Fill in the blank: There is ____ hope of his recovery; he is very serious.
1. (a) a little
2. (b) few
3. (c) the little
4. (d) little
उत्तर देखें
(d) little — little = लगभग नहीं (नकारात्मक भाव); hope uncountable।
Fill in the blank: ____ students passed, so the teacher was disappointed.
1. (a) A few
2. (b) The few
3. (c) Few
4. (d) Little
उत्तर देखें
(c) Few — Few = लगभग कोई नहीं — निराशा का भाव; students countable।
Choose the correct form: My ____ brother lives in Dhanbad.
1. (a) older
2. (b) elder
3. (c) eldest than
4. (d) more old
उत्तर देखें
(b) elder — परिवार के सदस्य के लिए elder (than के बिना)।
Fill in the blank: He is ____ honest to tell a lie.
1. (a) too
2. (b) very
3. (c) so
4. (d) much
उत्तर देखें
(a) too — too … to = इतना … कि नहीं।
Fill in the blank: I am looking forward to ____ you.
1. (a) meet
2. (b) be meeting
3. (c) met
4. (d) meeting
उत्तर देखें
(d) meeting — look forward to — यहाँ to preposition है, इसलिए gerund।
Fill in the blank: He stopped ____ when the doctor warned him.
1. (a) to smoke
2. (b) smoke
3. (c) smoking
4. (d) smoked
उत्तर देखें
(c) smoking — stop + -ing = आदत छोड़ना।
Fill in the blank: No sooner had the bell rung ____ the students rushed out.
1. (a) when
2. (b) than
3. (c) then
4. (d) that
उत्तर देखें
(b) than — no sooner … than।
Fill in the blank: Hardly had I reached the station ____ the train left.
1. (a) when
2. (b) than
3. (c) then
4. (d) as
उत्तर देखें
(a) when — hardly/scarcely … when।
Identify the part of speech of "fast": "He runs fast."
1. (a) Noun
2. (b) Adjective
3. (c) Verb
4. (d) Adverb
उत्तर देखें
(d) Adverb — क्रिया runs की विशेषता — Adverb।
Fill in the blank: The climate of Ranchi is better than ____ of Patna.
1. (a) it
2. (b) this
3. (c) that
4. (d) those
उत्तर देखें
(c) that — singular noun (climate) की तुलना — that of।
Fill in the blank: The murderer was ____ at dawn.
1. (a) hung
2. (b) hanged
3. (c) hang
4. (d) hunged
उत्तर देखें
(b) hanged — फाँसी के अर्थ में hang–hanged–hanged।
Choose the correct sentence.
1. (a) He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.
2. (b) He is cleverer than any boy in the class.
3. (c) He is the most cleverest boy.
4. (d) He is more cleverer than all.
उत्तर देखें
(a) He is cleverer than any other boy in the class. — comparative + than any other + singular noun; दोहरी तुलना गलत।
Fill in the blank: Work hard lest you ____ fail.
1. (a) will
2. (b) would
3. (c) may not
4. (d) should
उत्तर देखें
(d) should — lest … should; lest के साथ not नहीं।
Fill in the blank: The police ____ arrived at the spot.
1. (a) has
2. (b) is
3. (c) have
4. (d) was
उत्तर देखें
(c) have — police हमेशा plural।

साथ में पढ़ेंTenses · Subject-Verb Agreement · Articles and Prepositions

संदर्भ

ये नोट्स हमने अपने शब्दों में लिखे हैं। नियमों और उदाहरणों का मिलान इन मानक स्रोतों से किया गया है:

British Council, LearnEnglish — Grammar: Comparative and superlative adjectives; Verbs followed by '-ing' or infinitive; Articles
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) — Subject-Verb Agreement (always-singular and always-plural nouns)