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Sentence Improvement (वाक्य सुधार)

वाक्य का एक हिस्सा रेखांकित होता है और पूछा जाता है कि उसकी जगह कौन-सा विकल्प बेहतर होगा। Error spotting के सारे नियम यहाँ भी लगते हैं — साथ में स्वाभाविक (idiomatic) अंग्रेजी की पहचान भी चाहिए।

अंतिम अपडेट: 2026-10-14

इस अध्याय में
  1. हल करने का तरीका
  2. 'No improvement' कब चुनें
  3. व्याकरण आधारित सुधार
  4. Verb Patterns: क्रिया के बाद क्या आए
  5. Idiomatic Usage: स्वाभाविक अंग्रेजी
  6. शैली के सुधार: छोटा और साफ़
  7. अभ्यास प्रश्न

हल करने का तरीका

  1. पूरा वाक्य पढ़ें, केवल रेखांकित भाग नहीं — गलती अक्सर वाक्य के दूसरे हिस्से से तय होती है (जैसे yesterday से tense)।
  2. रेखांकित भाग में व्याकरण जाँचें — Error Spotting की 10 कदम सूची लगाएँ।
  3. हर विकल्प को वाक्य में रखकर पढ़ें — जो विकल्प नई गलती लाए (अर्थ बदल दे, tense बिगाड़ दे) उसे हटाएँ।
  4. सबसे छोटा और साफ़ विकल्प जो व्याकरण और अर्थ दोनों में सही हो — वही प्रायः उत्तर होता है।

'No improvement' कब चुनें

जब रेखांकित भाग व्याकरण, अर्थ और शैली — तीनों में सही हो। परीक्षाओं में लगभग हर 4–5 प्रश्नों में एक का उत्तर यह होता है, इसलिए इससे डरें नहीं। पर विकल्प में कोई स्पष्ट रूप से बेहतर रूप हो तो उसे चुनें।

अर्थ न बदले सुधार का अर्थ वाक्य का अर्थ बदलना नहीं है। He could not come को would not करना अर्थ बदल देता है — यह सुधार नहीं।

व्याकरण आधारित सुधार

Tense

मूल (रेखांकित भाग)बेहतरकारण
I have met him last week.metlast week
She is working here for ten years.has been workingfor + अवधि
By the time we reached, the film started.had startedपहला काम
He will reach before you will leave.will reach … before you leavebefore के बाद Present
It is time we leave.leftIt is time + Past
I wish I know his address.knewwish (वर्तमान) + Past

Conditionals

मूल (रेखांकित भाग)बेहतरकारण
If he will work hard, he will succeed.worksFirst conditional
If I was a bird, I would fly.wereकाल्पनिक
If you had told me, I would help you.would have helpedThird conditional
Unless you do not hurry, you will miss the bus.hurryunless में not

Comparison

मूल (रेखांकित भाग)बेहतरकारण
He is more cleverer than his brother.clevererदोहरी तुलना
Gold is more precious than any metal.any other metalother
The population of Delhi is larger than Ranchi.that of Ranchiतुलना एक जैसी चीज़ों की
He is the strongest of the two.the strongerदो में
I prefer reading than watching TV.toprefer … to
She is as tall like her sister.as tall asas … as

Agreement और Pronoun

मूल (रेखांकित भाग)बेहतरकारण
Neither of them were present.wasneither singular
Everyone should bring their own pen. (परीक्षा शैली)his or hereveryone singular
The committee have submitted its report.hasits से इकाई स्पष्ट
It is him who is to blame.heऔपचारिक
He and myself went there.Imyself कर्ता नहीं

Non-finite और Participle

मूल (रेखांकित भाग)बेहतरकारण
Being a rainy day, we stayed indoors.It being a rainy dayअपना कर्ता चाहिए (absolute)
Walking on the road, a stone hit him.While he was walking on the roaddangling participle
Having finished the work, the bell rang.When he had finished the workdangling participle
He is used to work late.workingbe used to + -ing
He made me to wait.waitmake + V1

Verb Patterns: क्रिया के बाद क्या आए

Patternक्रियाएँउदाहरण
+ to-infinitivedecide, hope, agree, refuse, promise, plan, afford, manage, failHe refused to help.
+ -ingenjoy, avoid, finish, mind, deny, admit, consider, suggest, practise, riskShe denied stealing.
+ object + to-infinitiveask, tell, advise, allow, order, want, expect, warn, persuade, force, inviteHe advised me to rest.
+ object + V1make, let, have (करवाना), see, hear, watch, helpLet me go.
+ that-clause (should)suggest, recommend, insist, demand, proposeHe suggested that we (should) leave.
+ preposition + -inginsist on, succeed in, think of, prevent from, accuse of, apologise for, look forward toHe succeeded in passing.
suggest / explain / describe suggest me to go ✗ → suggest that I (should) go / suggest going। explain me the rule ✗ → explain the rule to me। describe me ✗ → describe to me।

Idiomatic Usage: स्वाभाविक अंग्रेजी

ये वे प्रयोग हैं जो व्याकरण-नियम से नहीं, अंग्रेजी के प्रचलन से तय होते हैं। Hindi से सीधा अनुवाद करने पर गलती होती है।

मूल (रेखांकित भाग)बेहतरकारण
He passed his time in reading.spentspend time
Please off the light.switch offoff क्रिया नहीं
He gave an exam yesterday.took/sat (for)take an exam
I am having a headache since morning.have hadstative have
She is angry on me.angry withangry with a person
He told to me a story.told metell + व्यक्ति
He said me to go.told mesaid me ✗
I did a mistake.made a mistakemake a mistake
He cut a joke.cracked/made a jokecrack a joke
Please do the needful.do what is necessaryऔपचारिक मानक अंग्रेजी
I request you to please help me.request you to help merequest में please शामिल
He is knowing five languages.knowsstative
Myself Ravi Kumar.I am Ravi Kumar. / My name is …myself परिचय में नहीं
I am here since Monday.have been … sincesince
She reached to school late.reachedreach + object
He returned back the book.returnedredundancy
We went for shopping.went shoppinggo + -ing
He is good in English.good atgood at
Open the page number 20.page 20संक्षिप्त
I will prefer tea.would preferwould prefer
What to speak of money, he has no food.Let alone money / Not to speak of moneyidiom
He is resembling his father.resemblesstative
He is having a car.hashave = रखना
Please revert back soon.replyrevert = लौटना

शैली के सुधार: छोटा और साफ़

मूल (रेखांकित भाग)बेहतरकारण
In spite of the fact that he was ill, he came.Althoughसंक्षिप्त
Due to the fact that it rained, …Becauseसंक्षिप्त
He is in the habit of going late.usually goesसंक्षिप्त
At this point of time, …Nowसंक्षिप्त
He made an enquiry about the matter.enquired about / inquired intoसंक्षिप्त
The plan was not one that could be carried out.was impracticableएक शब्द

अभ्यास प्रश्न

रेखांकित भाग की जगह सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनें। सुधार की ज़रूरत न हो तो (d)।

  1. I have visited Netarhat last summer.

    1. (a) visited
    2. (b) had visited
    3. (c) was visiting
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) visited — last summer — Past Simple।

  2. If I was the Chief Minister, I would improve rural roads.

    1. (a) am
    2. (b) had been
    3. (c) were
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) were — काल्पनिक — were।

  3. She is waiting for you since morning.

    1. (a) was waiting
    2. (b) has been waiting
    3. (c) waited
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) has been waiting — since — Perfect Continuous।

  4. He is more stronger than his elder brother.

    1. (a) much strong
    2. (b) most strong
    3. (c) stronger
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) stronger — दोहरी तुलना हटाएँ।

  5. The doctor advised him to give up smoking.

    1. (a) give up
    2. (b) giving up
    3. (c) for giving up
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) No improvement — advise + object + to-infinitive — सही।

  6. He suggested me to take the train.

    1. (a) me taking
    2. (b) that I should take
    3. (c) to me to take
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) that I should take — suggest that … should।

  7. Walking along the river, a snake bit him.

    1. (a) While walking along the river
    2. (b) While he was walking along the river
    3. (c) Having walked along the river
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) While he was walking along the river — dangling participle — कर्ता स्पष्ट करें।

  8. It is high time we take action against pollution.

    1. (a) took
    2. (b) are taking
    3. (c) will take
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) took — It is high time + Past।

  9. I look forward to hear from you soon.

    1. (a) have heard
    2. (b) be hearing
    3. (c) hearing
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) hearing — look forward to + -ing।

  10. The population of Mumbai is greater than Kolkata.

    1. (a) of Kolkata
    2. (b) that of Kolkata
    3. (c) those of Kolkata
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) that of Kolkata — that of।

  11. Hardly had he entered the room when the lights went out.

    1. (a) than
    2. (b) then
    3. (c) that
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) No improvement — hardly … when — सही।

  12. He did a mistake in the calculation.

    1. (a) made a mistake
    2. (b) committed mistake
    3. (c) had mistake
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) made a mistake — make a mistake।

  13. Unless you do not leave now, you will miss the bus.

    1. (a) will leave
    2. (b) left
    3. (c) leave
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) leave — unless में not शामिल।

  14. She is used to get up early.

    1. (a) getting up
    2. (b) got up
    3. (c) have got up
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) getting up — be used to + -ing।

  15. If you had informed me earlier, I would help you.

    1. (a) will help
    2. (b) would have helped
    3. (c) had helped
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) would have helped — Third conditional।

  16. The committee has submitted its report.

    1. (a) have
    2. (b) had been
    3. (c) have been
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) No improvement — इकाई — has; its से पुष्टि।

  17. He is good in mathematics.

    1. (a) at
    2. (b) on
    3. (c) with
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) at — good at।

  18. We discussed about the new syllabus.

    1. (a) discussed on
    2. (b) discussed
    3. (c) had discussion about the
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) discussed — discuss + object।

  19. Neither of the two answers are correct.

    1. (a) were
    2. (b) have been
    3. (c) is
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) is — neither → singular।

  20. He made me to wait for two hours.

    1. (a) wait
    2. (b) waiting
    3. (c) waited
    4. (d) No improvement
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) wait — make + object + V1।

साथ में पढ़ेंError Spotting · Tenses

संदर्भ

ये नोट्स हमने अपने शब्दों में लिखे हैं। नियमों और उदाहरणों का मिलान इन मानक स्रोतों से किया गया है:

  • British Council, LearnEnglish — Grammar: Present perfect; Conditionals; Reported speech; Passives
  • Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) — Subject-Verb Agreement