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पत्र 1 · अंग्रेजी भाषा ज्ञान · अध्याय 7

Error Spotting (त्रुटि पहचान)

वाक्य को तीन-चार हिस्सों में बाँटकर पूछा जाता है कि गलती किस हिस्से में है। यहाँ हल करने का क्रमवार तरीका और परीक्षा में बार-बार आने वाली गलतियों का पूरा संग्रह है।

अंतिम अपडेट: 2026-10-14

इस अध्याय में
  1. हल करने का तरीका: 10 कदम
  2. Noun की गलतियाँ
  3. Pronoun की गलतियाँ
  4. Adjective और तुलना
  5. Verb और Tense
  6. Subject-Verb Agreement
  7. Articles
  8. Prepositions
  9. Adverbs
  10. Conjunctions
  11. Parallelism और Word Order
  12. Redundancy: फालतू शब्द
  13. Question Tags
  14. अभ्यास प्रश्न

हल करने का तरीका: 10 कदम

पूरा वाक्य एक बार पढ़ें, अर्थ समझें, फिर नीचे की जाँच-सूची से हर हिस्से को परखें। "No error" तभी चुनें जब सभी जाँच पार हो जाएँ।

  1. असली Subject खोजें — of, with, as well as, along with वाले हिस्से हटाकर। क्रिया उसी से मिलती है या नहीं?
  2. Tense — time word (yesterday, since, ago, by next year) से मेल? Sequence of tenses?
  3. Verb का रूप — did/does/modal के बाद V1; has/had के बाद V3; preposition के बाद -ing।
  4. Pronoun — सही case (I/me), वचन (his/their), one → one's।
  5. Noun — uncountable पर s तो नहीं (informations)? संख्या के बाद (two dozen)?
  6. Article — a/an ध्वनि से; the की ज़रूरत या अधिकता।
  7. Preposition — fixed preposition सही? फालतू preposition (discuss about)?
  8. Adjective/Adverb — degree, few/little, very/much, hard/hardly।
  9. Conjunction जोड़े — no sooner … than, hardly … when, though … yet, not only … but also।
  10. Redundancy और Parallelism — return back, एक जैसे हिस्सों का एक जैसा रूप।
समय बचाने के लिए JSSC में गलत उत्तर पर −1 अंक है। अगर दो हिस्सों में शक हो और कोई नियम पक्का याद न आए, तो प्रश्न छोड़ देना भी समझदारी है।

Noun की गलतियाँ

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
He gave me many informations.He gave me much information.information uncountable
The sceneries of Kashmir are charming.The scenery of Kashmir is charming.scenery uncountable
I bought two dozens pens.I bought two dozen pens.संख्या के बाद dozen singular
He is a ten-years-old boy.He is a ten-year-old boy.hyphen वाले विशेषण में singular
The cattles are grazing.The cattle are grazing.cattle का s रूप नहीं
My cousin brother lives in Bokaro.My cousin lives in Bokaro.cousin पर्याप्त है
He has many luggages.He has a lot of luggage.luggage uncountable
The childrens are playing.The children are playing.children पहले से plural
I have no furnitures.I have no furniture.uncountable
The roof's of the houses …The roofs of the houses …plural में apostrophe नहीं
Mens' hostelMen's hostelबिना s वाले plural के साथ 's

Pronoun की गलतियाँ

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
Between you and I, …Between you and me, …preposition के बाद object रूप
He is taller than me. (औपचारिक)He is taller than I (am).than के बाद subject रूप
One should do his duty.One should do one's duty.one → one's
Each of the boys has done their work.Each of the boys has done his work.each singular
I, you and he will go.You, he and I will go.2-3-1 क्रम
Whom do you think is the best?Who do you think is the best?who is the best का कर्ता
Who are you waiting for?Whom are you waiting for?preposition का कर्म (औपचारिक)
The book is your's.The book is yours.possessive pronoun में apostrophe नहीं
They enjoyed at the party.They enjoyed themselves at the party.enjoy सकर्मक — object/reflexive चाहिए
He availed of the opportunity.He availed himself of the opportunity.avail oneself of
This is the man which helped me.This is the man who helped me.व्यक्ति के लिए who
The two brothers love one another.The two brothers love each other.दो के लिए each other
It is me who am responsible.It is I who am responsible.औपचारिक रूप
My shirt is better than you.My shirt is better than yours.shirt की तुलना shirt से

Adjective और तुलना

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
He is more taller than me.He is taller than me.दोहरी तुलना
She is senior than me.She is senior to me.senior to
He is better than any boy in the class.He is better than any other boy in the class.any other
This is the most unique idea.This is a unique idea.unique की तुलना नहीं
He is elder than me.He is older than me.than के साथ older
I prefer tea than coffee.I prefer tea to coffee.prefer … to
He has less friends.He has fewer friends.countable के साथ fewer
He is enough old to vote.He is old enough to vote.enough विशेषण के बाद
The two first chapters …The first two chapters …क्रम: first two
Of the two plans, this is the best.Of the two plans, this is the better.दो में comparative
The climate of Ranchi is better than Patna.… better than that of Patna.एक जैसी चीज़ों की तुलना
He is one of the best student.He is one of the best students.one of + plural
Every of the students …Each of the students / Every one of …every के बाद of नहीं

Verb और Tense

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
I have seen him yesterday.I saw him yesterday.yesterday — Past Simple
He is living here since 2010.He has been living here since 2010.since — Perfect Continuous
She did not went to school.She did not go to school.did के बाद V1
If he will come, I will tell him.If he comes, I will tell him.if-clause में will नहीं
I am knowing him well.I know him well.stative verb
It is time we go home.It is time we went home.It is time + Past
No sooner he reached than …No sooner had he reached than …no sooner + had + subject + V3
He can able to do it.He is able to / can do it.can और able साथ नहीं
You need not to worry.You need not worry.modal need के बाद बिना to
Let him to go.Let him go.let के बाद bare infinitive
I look forward to see you.I look forward to seeing you.to (preposition) + -ing
He was died last year.He died last year.die अकर्मक
The sun rose in the east, he said.He said that the sun rises in the east.सत्य — Present
He lied on the bed for an hour.He lay on the bed for an hour.lie (लेटना) — lay
The thief was hung.The thief was hanged.फाँसी — hanged
I would rather to stay.I would rather stay.would rather + V1
He has went home.He has gone home.has + V3
He suggested to go by train.He suggested going by train.suggest + -ing / that …
He avoided to answer.He avoided answering.avoid + -ing
I wish I was a king.I wish I were a king.wish (काल्पनिक) + were

Subject-Verb Agreement

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
The teacher, along with his students, are coming.… along with his students, is coming.कर्ता teacher
Each of the players have a kit.Each of the players has a kit.each singular
One of my friends are a pilot.One of my friends is a pilot.one of → singular
Neither he nor I is going.Neither he nor I am going.पास वाला कर्ता I
The news are true.The news is true.news singular
A number of students was absent.A number of students were absent.a number of → plural
Ten kilometres are a long way.Ten kilometres is a long way.पूरी दूरी
The police has come.The police have come.police plural
Bread and butter are my breakfast.Bread and butter is my breakfast.एक इकाई
Many a student have failed.Many a student has failed.many a → singular
There is many reasons.There are many reasons.there के बाद plural
The quality of the books are poor.The quality of the books is poor.कर्ता quality

Articles

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
He is a honest man.He is an honest man.h मौन
She is an university teacher.She is a university teacher.'यू' ध्वनि
He was a MLA.He was an MLA.'एम' स्वर ध्वनि
The honesty is the best policy.Honesty is the best policy.सामान्य abstract noun
Ganga is sacred.The Ganga is sacred.नदी
He is best player.He is the best player.superlative
What a fine weather!What fine weather!weather uncountable
He went to the bed early.He went to bed early.मुख्य उद्देश्य
He plays the football.He plays football.खेल
The man is mortal.Man is mortal.मानव जाति

Prepositions

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
We discussed about the matter.We discussed the matter.discuss + object
He entered into the room.He entered the room.enter + object
She married with a doctor.She married a doctor.marry + object
He reached at the station.He reached the station.reach + object
I have been here from Monday.I have been here since Monday.Perfect + since
He died from cholera.He died of cholera.बीमारी — of
Divide it between the three boys.Divide it among the three boys.तीन — among
He is good in maths.He is good at maths.good at
She is married with a lawyer.She is married to a lawyer.married to
He is accused for theft.He is accused of theft.accused of
He insisted to go.He insisted on going.insist on + -ing
He prevented me to go.He prevented me from going.prevent from + -ing
The train arrived on Ranchi.The train arrived in/at Ranchi.arrive in/at
He is senior than me.He is senior to me.senior to
Let us go to home.Let us go home.home के साथ to नहीं
Write with ink.Write in ink.in ink, in pencil

Adverbs

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
He works very hardly.He works very hard.hard = मेहनत से
I can't hardly hear you.I can hardly hear you.दोहरा नकार
He is very taller than me.He is much taller than me.comparative के साथ much
I am much happy.I am very happy.positive के साथ very
It is too kind of you.It is very kind of you.प्रशंसा में too नहीं
He came lately to class.He came late to class.late = देर से
Seldom he comes here.Seldom does he come here.नकारात्मक adverb से शुरू — inversion
He always is late.He is always late.be के बाद frequency adverb
The food tastes well.The food tastes good.linking verb + adjective
He left two days before. (अभी से)He left two days ago.ago — अभी से पहले

Conjunctions

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
No sooner had he left when it rained.No sooner had he left than it rained.no sooner … than
Hardly had he left than it rained.Hardly had he left when it rained.hardly … when
Though he is poor, but he is honest.Though he is poor, yet he is honest. / … he is honest.though … yet
Unless you do not work, you will fail.Unless you work, you will fail.unless में not शामिल
Work hard lest you may not fail.Work hard lest you should fail.lest … should
Both Ram as well as Shyam came.Both Ram and Shyam came.both … and
The reason why he failed is because he was lazy.… is that he was lazy.reason … that
He is not only rich but generous.He is not only rich but also generous.not only … but also
Scarcely had I reached then he left.Scarcely had I reached when he left.scarcely … when
Wait here till I do not return.Wait here till I return.till में नकार नहीं
As he was ill, so he did not come.As he was ill, he did not come.as/because के साथ so नहीं

Parallelism और Word Order

वाक्य में and, or, but, not only … but also, either … or से जुड़े हिस्से एक ही व्याकरणिक रूप में हों।

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
He likes swimming, running and to cycle.He likes swimming, running and cycling.तीनों -ing
She is intelligent, hardworking and has honesty.She is intelligent, hardworking and honest.तीनों adjective
He not only lost his money but also his time.He lost not only his money but also his time.जोड़ा एक जैसे हिस्सों से पहले
He either is in Ranchi or Dhanbad.He is either in Ranchi or in Dhanbad.either … or का स्थान
Tell me where are you going.Tell me where you are going.अंदरूनी प्रश्न — कथन का क्रम
I don't know what is his name.I don't know what his name is.वही नियम

Redundancy: फालतू शब्द

एक ही अर्थ दो बार कहना गलती है।

✗ गलत✓ सहीनियम
He returned back home.He returned home.return में back शामिल
Please repeat again.Please repeat.
He reverted back to me.He reverted to me.
They discussed about it.They discussed it.
The reason why … is because …The reason … is that …
He is more superior to me.He is superior to me.
The final outcome was good.The outcome was good.
Free gift / past history / true factsgift / history / facts
He is a lazy idler.He is an idler.
Again and again he repeated …He repeated …

Question Tags

नियम: सकारात्मक वाक्य → नकारात्मक tag; नकारात्मक वाक्य → सकारात्मक tag। Tag में वाक्य की सहायक क्रिया (न हो तो do/does/did) और सर्वनाम।
वाक्यTagविशेष नियम
He is a doctor,isn't he?
She doesn't eat meat,does she?
They played well,didn't they?मुख्य क्रिया — did
I am right,aren't I?I am का tag aren't I
Let's go,shall we?Let's → shall we
Let him go,will you?Let (अनुमति) → will you
Open the door,will you? / won't you?आदेश/अनुरोध
Nobody came,did they?nobody/everyone → they; वाक्य नकारात्मक
He hardly works,does he?hardly, seldom, never, few, little — नकारात्मक
Everything is fine,isn't it?everything/nothing → it
There is a problem,isn't there?there
He has a car,doesn't he? / hasn't he?have (रखना) — दोनों; परीक्षा में प्रायः doesn't he
You had better go,hadn't you?
He used to smoke,didn't he?

अभ्यास प्रश्न

वाक्य के जिस हिस्से में गलती है, वह चुनें। गलती न हो तो (d) No error।

  1. Each of the girls (a) / have brought (b) / her own lunch today. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) Each of the girls
    2. (b) have brought
    3. (c) her own lunch today.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) have brought — each singular — has brought।

  2. I have seen (a) / the Taj Mahal (b) / last year. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) I have seen
    2. (b) the Taj Mahal
    3. (c) last year.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) I have seen — last year — Past Simple: I saw।

  3. He gave me (a) / some valuable (b) / advices. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) He gave me
    2. (b) some valuable
    3. (c) advices.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) advices. — advice uncountable।

  4. No sooner did he (a) / reach the station (b) / when the train left. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) No sooner did he
    2. (b) reach the station
    3. (c) when the train left.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) when the train left. — no sooner … than। (did he reach भी चलता है; than ज़रूरी)

  5. The teacher as well as (a) / his students (b) / were present. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) The teacher as well as
    2. (b) his students
    3. (c) were present.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) were present. — कर्ता teacher — was।

  6. She is (a) / an university (b) / professor. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) She is
    2. (b) an university
    3. (c) professor.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) an university — a university।

  7. We discussed (a) / about the problem (b) / for an hour. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) We discussed
    2. (b) about the problem
    3. (c) for an hour.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) about the problem — discuss के बाद about नहीं।

  8. He has been (a) / working in this office (b) / since five years. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) He has been
    2. (b) working in this office
    3. (c) since five years.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) since five years. — अवधि — for five years।

  9. Neither of the two (a) / candidates (b) / is suitable for the job. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) Neither of the two
    2. (b) candidates
    3. (c) is suitable for the job.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) No error — neither of → singular — वाक्य सही।

  10. Unless you do not (a) / work hard, (b) / you will not pass. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) Unless you do not
    2. (b) work hard,
    3. (c) you will not pass.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) Unless you do not — unless में not शामिल।

  11. He is (a) / senior than me (b) / by two years. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) He is
    2. (b) senior than me
    3. (c) by two years.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) senior than me — senior to me।

  12. If I was you, (a) / I would (b) / accept the offer. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) If I was you,
    2. (b) I would
    3. (c) accept the offer.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) If I was you, — काल्पनिक — If I were you।

  13. The police (a) / has arrested (b) / the culprits. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) The police
    2. (b) has arrested
    3. (c) the culprits.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) has arrested — police plural — have arrested।

  14. He is one of the (a) / best player (b) / in the team. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) He is one of the
    2. (b) best player
    3. (c) in the team.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) best player — one of + plural — best players।

  15. I look forward (a) / to meet you (b) / at the conference. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) I look forward
    2. (b) to meet you
    3. (c) at the conference.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) to meet you — look forward to meeting।

  16. Hardly had I (a) / closed the door (b) / when the bell rang. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) Hardly had I
    2. (b) closed the door
    3. (c) when the bell rang.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) No error — hardly … when — सही।

  17. Ten thousand rupees (a) / are not a big amount (b) / for him. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) Ten thousand rupees
    2. (b) are not a big amount
    3. (c) for him.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (b) are not a big amount — पूरी राशि — is।

  18. Let's go (a) / for a walk, (b) / won't we? (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) Let's go
    2. (b) for a walk,
    3. (c) won't we?
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (c) won't we? — Let's का tag — shall we?

  19. He returned back (a) / from Delhi (b) / last night. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) He returned back
    2. (b) from Delhi
    3. (c) last night.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (a) He returned back — returned back — redundancy।

  20. The climate of Ranchi (a) / is better than (b) / that of Patna. (c) / No error (d)

    1. (a) The climate of Ranchi
    2. (b) is better than
    3. (c) that of Patna.
    4. (d) No error
    उत्तर देखें

    (d) No error — that of — सही तुलना।

साथ में पढ़ेंSubject-Verb Agreement · Sentence Improvement

संदर्भ

ये नोट्स हमने अपने शब्दों में लिखे हैं। नियमों और उदाहरणों का मिलान इन मानक स्रोतों से किया गया है:

  • Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) — Subject-Verb Agreement
  • British Council, LearnEnglish — Grammar: Articles; Present perfect; Conditionals; Reported speech